Bishnu Sharma

With a growing emphasis on responsible destination management and sustainable tourism, the tourism sector recognizes the need to measure destination social responsibility (DSR), which reflects the collective efforts of multiple stakeholders to fulfill social responsibilities at the entire destination level. Although academic interest in DSR studies has steadily increased, the mul-tidimensional nature of DSR is often simplified into a single dimension, assessed utilizing CSR measures, or measured as DSR perceived by a single stakeholder group. A comprehensive DSR scale capturing both residents' and government perceptions, however, remains undeveloped. This study develops a 21-item DSR scale perceived by residents and government, identifying four key dimensions—governance, economic, environmental, and cooperative responsibilities. This scale enables destination managers to evaluate their overall DSR performance, including specific domains and related attributes, while also serving as a tool to identify gaps in DSR practices.

Regenerative tourism has appeared as a buzzword but remains largely less understood as to its overall manifestation within different destinations and communities. This viewpoint coalesces existing knowledge about the rapidly evolving concept and denotes practical ways in which destinations can incorporate various stakeholder perspectives and levels of commitment and responsibility to bring desired outcomes to fruition. Importantly, the viewpoint emphasizes that regenerative tourism is not meant to be a one-size-fits-all phenomenon, but instead a baseline to bring together mutually agreeable goals and is predicated upon different groups working responsibly, where outcomes should be regularly monitored over time and place.

Purpose – This research explores the role and influence of culture through the lens of key tourism related stakeholders in Nepal and the recovery process from a disastrous earthquake that shattered the country in 2015. Design/methodology/approach-In-depth interviews were conducted with key people involved in this process which included the President, Nepal Association of Tour Operators; Vice Chairman of the Planning Commission during the disaster time; Tourism Advisor-Samarth-Nepal; and US-AID Development Program Specialist involved in disaster risk reduction (DRR) and preparedness and immediate response. Findings/ Results-The interviews, media coverage, and various reports suggest that tacit knowledge embedded within the national culture was insufficient in addressing the disaster response in relation to handling the events of this magnitude and the roles and duties of different stakeholders. The research therefore elucidates how tacit knowledge may be enhanced to develop resilient disaster and crisis management strategies within a cultural framework to assist tourism policy and planning for such events in the future.

This study applies the concepts of brand resonance and brand transgression to the brand management of a political leader and, for the first time, proposes a framework linking these two concepts. Qualitative analysis was used to examine the case of Kevin Rudd, a former, once popular, Australian Prime Minister (2007-2010, 2013), and found that Rudd's brand resonance was harmed as a result of a brand transgression. Specifically, a thematic analysis and semistructured interviews indicated that Rudd supporters' behavioral loyalty, sense of community, and active engagement declined. This study provides support for the proposed framework and a base for future research in this area.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine key beliefs (alcohol expectancies) that university students have about the effect of drinking alcohol and investigates the relationships among various dimensions of alcohol expectancies and protective drinking behaviour, consequences from drinking alcohol, and their effects on the students' selfesteem. Design/methodology/approach: Data for this study was obtained from a survey of students (n=275, female = 197, male = 75, unidentified = 3) at the University of Baden- Württemberg Cooperative State University Ravensburg, a regional university in Germany. Findings: The key alcohol expectancies identified relate to social expressiveness 'feel less shy', social and physical pleasure 'nice way to celebrate', and cognitive and physical impairment 'unable to think and act quickly making less efficient'. The study also found significant associations between some of the dimensions of alcohol expectancy and protective drinking behaviour, academic and safety/precautionary alcohol consequence, and self-esteem. A significant negative association was found between students' academic outcomes and their self-esteem.

This study investigates the demographic influence in host communities' perceptions of positive and negative emotions, trust in the government in organising the event, trust in the organising committee in organising the event, their level of attachment and support for the FIFA World Cup held in Brazil in 2014. The data for this study was collected from 12 cities in Brazil which were involved in hosting the World Cup games using a survey approach. Demographic variables used were gender, city of residence, age category, numbers of years lived in a city, marital status, occupation, education, income and ethnicity. The study found significant differences in their perceptions by the city of their residence. Significant differences were also noted in the negative emotions by all the demographic variables considered in this study. However, not all of them were significant for their level of trust, support and attachment to the event.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the direct and indirect effects of flexible working arrangements (FWAs) on return on labour (ROL). Design/methodology/approach: Data from 4,204 employees and their employers were used to construct regression models to assess separately, the direct relationships between the FWAs and ROL and also the indirect relationships, with job satisfaction and staff turnover as mediating variables, applying Baron and Kenny's (1986) mediation rules. Findings: Flexible work hours significantly and directly increased ROL and indirectly through reduction in staff turnover, while the negative direct effect of job sharing on ROL was indirectly reduced by its positive effect on job satisfaction. Time in lieu of overtime (TOIL) and working from home reduced ROL with the direct negative effects of TOIL on ROL worsened by a reduction in job satisfaction. Practical implications: The results suggest that not all FWAs increase ROL and that the direct effects of FWAs on ROL emanate from the efficacy with which work is reallocated in FWA negotiations. The indirect effects derive from employees' reciprocation of FWAs through improved job satisfaction and turnover. The onus is therefore, on employers to maximise returns from FWAs through efficient work reallocation during negotiations. Originality/value: The study makes a contribution by examining the direction of effects of FWAs on ROL and the pathways (direct and indirect) by which the effects occur. Research in this area has hitherto considered subjective and qualitative performance measures. FWAs, such as job sharing and TOIL, which are rarely considered in the literature, are covered in the study.

This study identifies the human resource practices used in the hospitality and tourism industry through the review of articles published in the hospitality and tourism journals (45 articles, 10 journals) and the other non-hospitality journals (26 articles, 17 journals). The review suggests that key human resource (HR) practices used in the industry are recruitment/selection, performance management, compensation, training and development, employee empowerment, employee recognition and reward. The study also identifies the focus of past HR research in the hospitality and tourism industry. Human resources management (HRM) practices, employee turnover, employee retention/intention to stay or leave, job satisfaction/dissatisfaction, work family conflict/work life balance/work family issues/flexible working/employee well-being, customer satisfaction/firm performance among others have been the dominant aspects of past research. The study also presents a range of gaps in HR research in the hospitality and tourism industry for potential future research.